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Geositios
La red mundial de los
Geositios (o Global Geosites en inglés), fue ideada por la
IUGS
(International Union of Geological Sciences) en 1994. El objetivo del
proyecto era crear un inventario muy diverso de espacios
representativos que formaran parte del Patrimonio Geológico
Internacional. De esta forma se seleccionarían lugares con
características peculiares que permitieran comprender la historia
geológica del Planeta
En 1995, la IUGS con el apoyo de la UNESCO, creó el grupo de trabajo de
la red mundial de Geositios (Global Geosites Working Group, GGWG) el
cual empezó a realizar el inventario de espacios con interés geológico
(elementos regionales, eventos tectónicos, metalogenéticos, series
estratigráficas, lugares de interés paleobiológico...) y a
promover la importancia de la geoconservación a nivel global, con el
apoyo de las entidades locales y estatales de cada lugar.
Posteriormente en las reuniones del comité ejecutivo de la IUGS y con
la ayuda de ProGEO se fue consolidando el proyecto y ampliando nuevos
espacios a la red.
Actualmente la lista global de Geositios está formada por 310 espacios
repartidos por todo el mundo (geoheritage-iugs.mnhn.fr, 2021).
(*) La red de Geositios es complementaria la lista de Globals Geoparks de la UNESCO
y la red GSSP
(Sección Estratotipo y Punto de Límite Global) de la IUGS.:
|
| Alemania |
Base
of Middle Devonian Series / Emsian Stage, GSSP; Goslar at the Harz with
the Rammelsberg; Grube Messel; Harz-North-Rim-Fault; Heligoland;
Holzmaden; Hünsruck; Hunsrück Slate Fauna of the Early Devonian; Island
of Rügen; Kaiserstuhl; Lieth near Elmshorn; Merkers in Thuringia; Mount
Wilsede, Lüneburg; Nördlinger Ries; River Elbe Sandstone Mts. / Saxon
Switzerland; Solenhofen; St. Andreasberg; The Bavarian Pfahl; The
Bohlen Wall y The Siebengebirge. |
| Arabia Saudita |
Upper
Ordovician Glacial Deposits in Saudi Arabia. |
| Argentina |
Bajo
de Veliz; Barranca fossil mammals; Easter Villicum Range,
Ordovician-Silurian Boundary; PN Iguazú; Ishigualaskk / Talampaya
Valleys, PN Los Glaciares y Sierra Chica de Zonda. |
| Australia |
Archaean
Microfossils from the Warrawoona Group; Archaean Microfossils from the
Fortescue Group; Fortescue Group Stromatolites, Hamersley Basin; Heard
/ McDonald Islands; PN Kakadu; Koonwarra Creatceous Fossil Locality;
Lake Acraman astrobleme / PE-E correlations; Lake Callabonna Fossil
Reserve; Lake Eyre / The Channel Country; Lord Howe Island Group
(Permanent Reserve); Macquarie Island; Murgon; Naracoorte; PN Uluru
(Ayers Rock-Mount Olga); Riversleigh; Shark Bay; Tasmanian Wilderness
with Darwin Meteorite Crater y Willandra Lakes region. |
| Bolivia |
Torotoro. |
| Brasil |
Cabuji
Peak; Caves with Pleistocene-Holocene fossils; Corrego Alagadinho
Komatites; Corumbella Fossil Site; Cretaceous Fossils of the Santana
Formation; Devonian of Sete Cidades; Dinosaur Footprints at Sousa;
Dinosaurs at Uberaba; Glacial Striated Pavement, Serra da Agua Fria;
Glossopteris-Gangamopteris flora; Petrified Triassic Forest;
Pleistocene Fossils of Araxa; PN Iguaçu; Roche Moutonnée near Itu y
Teresina petrified Permian forest. |
| Canadá |
Bache
Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Islands; Base of the Second Series,
Ordovician System, GSSP; Burgess Shale fossil site, Rocky Mountains;
Dinosaur Provincial Park; Ediacaran Mistaken Point fossils (península
Avalon); PN Nahanni Mackenzie Mountains; PN Banff; PN Gros Morne; PN
Kluane / Wrangell St. Elias; PN Miguasha; Precambrian-Cambrian Boundary
/ Newfoundland, GSSP; Schreiber Channel y Tuktoyaktuk Pingoes. |
| China |
Chengjiang
Fossil Reserve, Emeishan National Park, Geol. Natural Protected Area of
Middle / Upper Prot. in Jixian Country., Global Stratotype Candidate,
Permian-Triassic Boundary, GSSP, base of Darriwilian Stage, Huangnitang
Section GSSP, Guilin National Karst Park of China, Huanglong Scenic
District, Jiuzhaigou Valley, Loess-Paleosol Sequence / Cenozoic
Climatic History, Miocene Shanwang Fossil Site, Mogao Caves, Mount
Huangshan, Mount Taishan, Peking Man Site Zhouondian,
Proterozoic-Phanerozoic Extinction Event, Meishucun GSSP, Songshan
National Park, The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, The Turfan Basin,
Wulingyan Scenic / Historic Interest Area y Zigong Dinosaur Burial Site. |
| Croacia |
Plitvice
Lakes. |
| Dinamarca |
Early
Archaean Age and Carbon and Oxygen Geochemistry y Part of Greenland
Nat. Park, Kong Oscar - Franz J. Fjord regime (ambos en Groenlandia). |
| Ecuador |
PN
Galapagos, Archipiélago de Colon y PN Sangay at Riobamba. |
| Egipto |
Faiyum. |
| Eslovaquia |
Vrsatec
(castle) Klippen. |
| Eslovenia |
Caves of
Skocjan. |
| España |
Fuerteventura,
PN Garajonay y Lower Oligocene bird-tracks-
Ver Geositios de España. |
Estados Unidos
de América |
Dinosaur
National Monument, Mammoth Cave Area Biosphere Reserve, Mazon Creek
Fossil-Lagerstätten, Mid-Carboniferous Boundary / Global Stratotype,
Arrow Canyon GSSP, PN Badlands / Bryce Canyon, PN Grand Canyon, PN
Great Smoky Mountains, PN Hawaii Volcanoes, PN Yellowstone, PN Yosemite
y San Andreas Fault Zone / PN Point Reyes. |
| Estonia |
Estonian Oil
Shales S of Kohtla - Jarve. |
| Etiopía |
Awash y Omo. |
Federación de
Rusia |
Baikal Rift
System, Baisa Fossil Insect and Plant Site, East Part of Gorny Altai,
Elgygytyn Lake, Insects in Baltic Amber Lagerstätten, Kapova Cave, Kara
Astrobleme, Khibiny Massif, Kovdor Massif, Maimecha-Kotui
Alkaline-Ultramafic Province with Kimberlites, Moma Depression, Pillars
of the Lena Rive, Popigai Astrobleme, Pucheczh-Katunki Astrobleme,
Shunga Deposit, Sol'Iletsk Fossil Tetrapods, Sterlitamak Shikhans,
Synnyr Pluton, The Kara Impact Structure, Tikhvinskoye, Vendian
(Ediacaran) Fauna of S.E. White Sea, Vendian Stratotype - Oleneksky
Uplift, GSSP y Yangantau Mountain. |
| Fiji |
Osabukete
Cave, Lakeba Island; Taveuni, Quaternary Volcanic Island y Sigatoka
Sand Dune. |
| Francia |
Base of the
Frasnian Stage and U. Devonian Series, GSSP; Frasnian-Famennian
Devonian St., Upper Coumiac Quarry, GSSP y Tertiary Phosphorite Fossils
of Quercy. |
| Grecia |
Classic
Vulcanity of Santorini (Akrotiri); Tertiary Mammals of Pikermian;
Miocene y The petrified forests of Lesvos. |
| Hungría |
Ipolytornoc
Fossil Site. |
| India |
Cretaceous
of Trichinopoly, Deccan Volcanics, Karnul / Billa-Surgam Caves, PN
Nanda Devi, PN Sundarbans, Silent Valley Reserve, The Siwaliks y
Tiruvakkarai / Sathanur Petrified Wood National Parks. |
| Irán |
Earliest
Skeletal Fossils from Elburz Mts. |
| Irlanda |
The Burren,
County Clare. |
| Islas Salomón |
Rennell
Island. |
| Islas Shetland del Sur |
Chopin Ridge. |
| Italia |
Base of
Gelasian Stage (Pliocene), Piacenzian-Gelasian GSSP, Monte San Nicola;
Base of the Neogene System / The Miocene Series, GSSP; Base of the
Piacenzian Stage, Punta Piccola section, Rossello, GSSP;
Eocene-Oligocene Boundary Events / Stratotype, Marche GSSP; Iglesias
Old Mining District; Miniere del Bacino Metallifero Iglesiente;
Pesciara di Bolca, Ichthyofauna / plants; Pietra di Salomone, Palazzo
Adriano; Puddinga of Nebida, Lower Ordivician Congl. y Río Marina,
Calamita; Monte Capanne, Elba. |
| Kazajstán |
Base of the
Permian System and Global Stratotype, GSSP; Maly Karatau; Zhamanshin
Impact Crater. |
| Kenia |
Koobi Fora,
Rusinga Island y Olargesailie. |
| Malí |
Bandiagara
Natural Escarpment. |
| Marruecos |
Eifel-Givatian
GSSP, Devonian Stages, Tafilalt. |
| Namibia |
Namib-Naukluft
Park, Mountains / Desert, Sand dunes of Sossusylei y The Fish River
Canyon. |
| Nepal |
Sagar Matha
Nat. Park (Mt. Everest) / The Arun River. |
| Noruega |
Bigganjarga,
Bleik, Festningsprofilet, Gardnos, Glomdalen, Gryttingen,
Hardangervidda, Kong Karls Land, Kongsberg Silver Mines, Lysefjorden,
Nærøyfjorden, Nigardsbreen, Røst, Semsvann - Skaugumåsen, Syltefjorden
y Vistenfjorden - Vega. |
| Nueva Caledonia |
Hienghene
Limestone Towers. |
| Nueva Zelanda |
Auckland
Volcanic Field; PN Fjordland; PN Tongariro y Rotorua Geothermal Fields:
Whakerewarewa, Waimangu / Waiotapu. |
| Omán |
Majlis Al
Jinn Cave, Jabal Bani Jabir. |
Papúa Nueva
Guinea |
Huon Coral
Terraces y Karkar Caldera. |
| Polonia |
Rogoznik
Quarry, Pieniny Klippe Belt, Carpathians. |
| Portugal |
Aalenian-Bajocian
Boundary, Cabo Mondego, GSSP. |
| Reino Unido |
(Árchipiélago
de Tristán de Acuña) Inaccessible Island
(Escocia) Bajocian Aux. Stratotype, Bearrerbaig Bay GSSP; Cairngorm
National Nature Reserve; Classic unconfomity at Siccar Point; East
Krikton Carboniferous Early Land Reptiles; First Find of L. Jurassic
Dinosaur from Scotland; Precambrian (Vendian) Glaciation: Inner
Hebrides; Rhynie Plant-bearing Chert and Hot Springs; St. Kilda
National Nature Reserve; Tertiary Volcanic District of Skye / Intrusion
Complex; The Ordovician-Silurian GSSP, Dobb's Linn, Moffat.
(Gales) Axmouth-Swanage Coast; Base of the Aeronian Stage,
Mid-Llandovery, Silurian System, GSSP; Cadair Idris and its cirques;
Parys Mountain / Morfa Mineralisation y Quaternary of Snowdon (Yr
Wyddfa)
(Inglaterra) Base Homerian Stage (upper), Wenlock Series, Silurian,
GSSP; Base of Gorstian stage / Ludlow series, Silurian, GSSP; Base of
Ludfordian Stage, Silurian System, GSSP; Base of Telychian (3rd) Stage,
Llandovery Ser., Silurian, GSSP; Base of Wenlock Series, Sheinwoodian
Stage, GSSP; Bathonian Hornsleasow Strata / Fossils; Bradgate Park,
Charnian; Brook-Atherfield Dinosaurs, Isle of Wight; Cenozoic
Post-dinosaur Reptiles in Kent, Sheppey Island; Marsworth Pleistone:
mammoths, horse, etc.; Non-skelatal Precambrian fossils, Charnwood
Forest; Quaternary of Thames River; Triassic Vertebrate-Rich Fissures
(mammals), Tytherington quarry y Wren's Nest, Dudley, Silurian Fossils
and stratigraphy.
(Norte de Irlanda) Cuilcagh Nat. Hist. Park, Co. Fermanagh y Giant's
Causeway and Causeway Coast . |
| Rep. Checa |
Base of
Pridoli Series, Silurian System, GSSP; Cambrian of Skryje; Cambrian of
the Brdy Mountains; Hruby Jesenik Mountains; Klonk GSSP,
Siberian-Devonian Boundary; Koneprusy Reef / Zlaty Kun; Moravian Carst;
Prague Basin y Prokop Valley, Prague. |
Rep. Unida
de Tanzanía |
Mt
Kilimanjaro National Park, Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano / Lake Natron y
Olduvai Gorge. |
| Samoa |
Puapua Lava
Plain. |
| Siria |
Volcanicity
of Southern Syria. |
| Sri Lanka |
Sigiriya
Rock y Sinharaja National Heritage Wilderness Area. |
| Sudáfrica |
Barberton
Mountain Land; Bushveld Igneous Complex; Insuzi Group Stromatolites,
Kaapvaal Craton; Karoo Sequence (Reptiliferous Series); Onverwacht
Archaean Microfossils / Stromatolites; Sterkfontein; Table Mountain /
The Cape Supergroup y Ventersdorp Supergroup / Vredefort Dome. |
| Suecia |
Agate
Conglomerate at Transtrand, Årås Bay, Coastal Cliff on the Island of
Gotland, Djupadal, Gotska Sandön, Grythyttan Formation, Köping Esker,
Långban Iron Mine, Lansjärv Fault, Sala Silver Mine, The Boda Cave, The
Dellen Structure, The Rogen area, The Siljan Structure / The Gravberg
Boring y Ytterby Feldspar Mine. |
| Suiza |
Glarus
Thrust-plane, Lochseite, ur. Schwanden y M. Triassic Bottom S. of Monte
San Giorgio. |
| Tailandia |
Phu Wiang
National Forest Reserve. |
| Taiwan |
PN Kenting y
PN Yangmingshan. |
| Trindidad |
Trinidad Tar
Lake, San Fernando. |
| Túnez |
Cretaceous-Palaeogene
Boundary (K/T) Extinction, El Haria GSSP. |
| Turkmenistán |
Caves of
Kugitang / Central Kopetdag, Cupp-Coutunn; Dinosaur Footprints -
Kugitang-Tay Mountains y Kara-Bojaz Gol. |
| Ucrania |
Pasekovo
Fossil Plant Site |
| Uganda |
Ruwenzori
National Park / The Great Rift. |
| Uzbekistán |
Basal Emsian
stratotype - Zinzalban section (Devonian System), GSSP y Chatkalsky
State Reserve. |
| Vanuatu |
Tanna. |
| Venezuela |
Angelfalls /
Auyan-Tepuy. |
| Yibuti |
Afar
Triangle: Aden Gulf-Red Sea Rifts. |
| Zimbabue |
Bulawayan
Group Stromatolites y Victoria Falls / Zambezi Gorge (compartido con
Zambia). |
| Red Mundial
de Geositios (geoheritage-iugs.mnhn.fr, 2021). |
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www.biogeografia.net
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